NVP Anode-Free Pouch Dry Pouch Cell(Multiple Specs)

Name: NVP Anode-Free Sodium-Ion Pouch Dry Cell (Multiple Specs)

Cell Type: NVP-Anode-Free Pouch Dry Cell

Product Code: XN-NVP-AF

Description:

NVP Anode-Free Sodium-Ion Pouch Dry Cell pairs sodium vanadium phosphate (Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃, NASICON-type) cathode with a carbon-coated aluminum foil current collector — no anode active material — in a fully assembled but unfilled (dry) pouch format. As a result, this configuration combines NVP’s higher operating voltage (3.4 V plateau, 2.5–3.8 V window) and excellent ionic conductivity with the maximum-energy-density anode-free architecture. During the first charge, sodium ions plate directly from the NVP cathode onto the carbon-coated aluminum surface, eliminating the volume and weight overhead of conventional hard carbon anodes. Note that, unlike lithium-ion anode-free cells which use bare copper, sodium-ion anode-free systems require aluminum foil with a thin carbon coating — copper is incompatible with sodium (Cu–Na alloy formation), and the carbon coating is essential to improve sodium nucleation and reduce first-cycle losses. Furthermore, the dry (unfilled) pouch format allows customers to inject their own electrolyte formulations, making this cell ideal for advanced anode-free sodium-ion electrolyte and plating interface research.

Application:

This dry pouch cell serves as a research platform for anode-free sodium-ion battery development based on NASICON-type cathodes, including sodium-ion electrolyte formulation studies for higher-voltage sodium plating, plating/stripping interface research on carbon-coated aluminum, advanced electrolyte additive screening for dendrite suppression and high coulombic efficiency, full-cell prototyping for stationary energy storage and grid-scale storage applications, and academic studies of NVP/anode-free electrochemistry — particularly the comparison between NVP’s 3.4 V voltage plateau and lower-voltage polyanionic chemistries such as NFPP.

Cell Specifications (1 Ah Standard Grade):

Cathode Specifications (NVP):

Current Collector Specifications (Anode-Free):

Values measured by Xnergy. Typical values for reference; not guaranteed unless otherwise specified.

Available Capacity Grades:

Characteristics:

NASICON NVP cathode: higher voltage plateau (3.4 V) than NFPP

NVP delivers a flat 3.4 V voltage plateau with a 2.5–3.8 V cutoff window — significantly higher than NFPP polyanionic chemistry (which operates at 1.5–3.4 V). As a result, NVP-based anode-free cells deliver higher cell-level energy and provide a useful research platform for studying the voltage-dependence of sodium plating efficiency and SEI stability across different polyanionic cathode systems.

Carbon-coated aluminum: the sodium-compatible current collector

Unlike lithium-ion anode-free systems that use bare copper, sodium-ion anode-free cells must use aluminum foil — copper alloys with sodium and cannot serve as a current collector. Furthermore, a thin conductive carbon coating on the aluminum surface improves sodium nucleation, lowers nucleation overpotential, reduces first-cycle losses, and stabilizes the plating/stripping interface. Therefore, this cell uses carbon-coated aluminum foil as the standard anode-free current collector — a critical materials choice unique to sodium-ion anode-free chemistry.

NASICON 3D ion-conduction framework

The NASICON crystal structure of NVP provides three-dimensional sodium-ion diffusion pathways, resulting in excellent rate capability and high power density. Therefore, this cell is well-suited for high-rate cycling studies and applications requiring fast sodium-ion transport — characteristics that distinguish NVP from olivine-type and layered oxide sodium-ion cathodes.

In-situ sodium plating from NVP cathode

During the first charge, sodium ions migrate from the NVP cathode and plate directly onto the carbon-coated aluminum surface, forming the sodium metal anode in-situ. Therefore, customers can study sodium plating morphology under NVP’s higher-voltage operating window — a regime where dendrite suppression and SEI stability differ from lower-voltage NFPP anode-free systems.

Aging under stack pressure for sodium plating uniformity

The recommended aging protocol applies 8 kgf/cm² stack pressure at 45 °C for 24 h. Consequently, this controlled pressure environment promotes uniform sodium plating during formation, suppresses dendrite formation, and improves cycling stability — a critical practice for anode-free sodium-ion systems.

Dry (unfilled) pouch design for sodium-ion electrolyte studies

The cell ships fully assembled but without electrolyte. Therefore, customers can inject their own sodium-ion electrolyte formulations to study electrolyte effects on sodium plating efficiency at NVP’s 3.4 V plateau, SEI stability, and dendrite suppression — the core challenges of anode-free sodium-ion chemistry that are most strongly influenced by electrolyte design and additive selection.

Multiple capacity grades + single-layer option

Standard 1 Ah and 2 Ah multi-layer grades support full-cell research. Furthermore, the Single-Layer option provides a simplified platform for fundamental anode-free studies — ideal for SEI characterization on carbon-coated aluminum, sodium plating morphology imaging, and one-electrode interface research.

Recommended Activation Protocol:

1. Inject sodium-ion electrolyte at 5–6 g/Ah ratio. 2. Vacuum-seal the pouch under inert atmosphere. 3. Aging: hold at 45 °C for 24 h under 8 kgf/cm² stack pressure (sodium begins plating uniformly across the carbon-coated aluminum surface during formation). 4. Pre-formation rest: 12 h. 5. Formation: charge at 0.1C constant current to 3.8 V (1 cycle, full sodium loading). 6. Final aging: hold at room temperature for 24 h before subsequent cycling tests.

Packaging & Storage:

Cells ship vacuum-sealed under inert atmosphere in moisture-barrier packaging. Therefore, customers should store sealed in a cool, dry environment (15–25 °C, RH < 30 %), protected from moisture and direct sunlight. Open packaging in a dry-room or glovebox environment immediately before electrolyte filling. Note that no sodium metal is present in the cell as shipped — anode-free cells in their pre-formation state are significantly less hazardous than pre-deposited sodium-metal cells, but standard sodium-ion cell handling applies once electrolyte is added and formation begins.

Safety:

For research and industrial use only. Once electrolyte is added and formation initiated, sodium metal is plated onto the carbon-coated aluminum surface — at this point the cell becomes a sodium-metal battery and must be handled accordingly. Activated cells contain flammable electrolyte and reactive sodium metal; handle in glovebox or dry-room conditions during electrolyte filling and formation. Wear full PPE. Never short-circuit, overcharge, overdischarge, puncture, or expose cells to high temperatures (> 60 °C). NVP’s vanadium-based chemistry requires standard sodium-ion handling protocols once activated. Refer to SDS for complete safety information.

Note: Values listed above are typical and for reference only. Performance may vary depending on electrolyte choice, formation protocol, applied stack pressure, cycling conditions, and test environment. Anode-free sodium-ion chemistry is highly sensitive to electrolyte design and current collector surface treatment — consult published literature for guidance on electrolyte formulations targeting high coulombic efficiency on carbon-coated aluminum at NVP’s 3.4 V plateau. See also other dry pouch cells in our catalog: NVP / Hard Carbon, NFPP Polyanionic / Hard Carbon, NFPP Anode-Free, P2 Layered Oxide, Sodium Metal Single-Layer Pouch, LFP Anode-Free, LFP / Artificial Graphite, LFP / Lithium Metal, NCM811 Anode-Free, NCM811 / Artificial Graphite, and LMFP / Artificial Graphite. Browse the full Dry Pouch Cell category for all configurations.