P2 Layered Oxide Sodium-Ion Battery Dry Pouch Cell(Multiple Specs)

Name: P2 Layered Oxide Sodium-Ion Battery Pouch Dry Cell (Multiple Specs)

Cell Type: P2-Hard Carbon Pouch Dry Cell

Product Code: XN-P2-HC

Description:

P2 Layered Oxide Sodium-Ion Battery Pouch Dry Cell pairs P2-type Ti-doped sodium nickel manganese oxide (Na_xNi_yMn_1−y−zTi_zO₂) cathode with hard carbon anode in a fully assembled but unfilled (dry) pouch format. As a result, this configuration delivers a wide 2.0–4.2 V voltage window — significantly broader than polyanionic sodium-ion chemistries (1.5–3.4 V for NFPP, 2.5–3.8 V for NVP) — translating into higher cell-level energy density. The P2 layered crystal structure provides direct two-dimensional sodium-ion diffusion pathways and is the highest-energy sodium-ion cathode family currently in commercial development. Titanium doping suppresses the P2-O2 phase transition at high state-of-charge, improving cycling stability over undoped P2 systems. Furthermore, the dry (unfilled) pouch format allows customers to inject their own electrolyte formulations, making this cell ideal for advanced sodium-ion electrolyte and additive research targeting next-generation lithium-free, cobalt-free energy storage systems.

Application:

This dry pouch cell serves as a research platform for high-energy-density sodium-ion battery development based on layered oxide cathodes, including sodium-ion electrolyte formulation studies (the cell ships unfilled, allowing customers to inject their own electrolyte), P2 layered oxide cathode performance evaluation, hard carbon SEI and additive screening studies, full-cell prototyping for sodium-ion EV and consumer electronics applications, and academic studies of P2/hard carbon electrochemistry — particularly the comparison between P2 layered oxide’s higher energy density and polyanionic chemistries’ (NFPP, NVP) longer cycle life.

Cell Specifications (1 Ah Standard Grade):

Cathode Specifications (P2 Layered Oxide):

Anode Specifications (Hard Carbon):

Values measured by Xnergy. Typical values for reference; not guaranteed unless otherwise specified.

Available Capacity Grades:

Cycling Discharge Capacity:

Discharge capacity of P2-Hard Carbon pouch cell cycled at 1C in the 2.0–4.2 V window (2 Ah-grade test sample). Initial capacity around 1600 mAh, declining to approximately 1200 mAh after 750 cycles, demonstrating the typical capacity-fade behavior of layered oxide chemistry under wide-window cycling.

Cycling Capacity Retention:

Capacity retention of P2-Hard Carbon pouch cell at 1C over 750 cycles in the 2.0–4.2 V window. The cell retains approximately 75% of its initial capacity after 750 cycles — characteristic of layered oxide sodium-ion chemistry, where higher energy density trades off against shorter cycle life compared to polyanionic NFPP/NVP systems.

Characteristics:

Wide 2.0–4.2 V voltage window for higher energy density

P2 layered oxide chemistry operates across a 2.0–4.2 V cutoff window — significantly wider than polyanionic sodium-ion systems (1.5–3.4 V for NFPP, 2.5–3.8 V for NVP). As a result, this cell delivers higher cell-level energy density than polyanionic alternatives, making P2 the preferred choice when energy density is prioritized over absolute cycle life — for example, in sodium-ion EV and consumer electronics applications.

Ti-doped P2 structure for improved cycling stability

The active material is P2-type Ti-doped sodium nickel manganese oxide (Na_xNi_yMn_1−y−zTi_zO₂). Titanium doping suppresses the harmful P2-O2 phase transition at high state-of-charge — a key degradation mechanism in undoped P2 systems. Therefore, this Ti-doped formulation delivers improved cycling stability while preserving the high energy density characteristic of the P2 layered framework.

2D layered ion-conduction pathways

The P2 layered crystal structure provides direct two-dimensional sodium-ion diffusion pathways between transition-metal oxide layers. Consequently, this cell exhibits good rate performance and high specific capacity utilization — distinguishing P2 layered oxide from 3D polyanionic frameworks (NASICON-type NVP, pyrophosphate NFPP) in both energy density and ion-transport mechanism.

Lithium-free, cobalt-free chemistry

The P2 cathode is built on earth-abundant sodium, nickel, manganese, and titanium — completely free of lithium and cobalt. Therefore, this cell eliminates dependence on lithium and cobalt supply chains, offering a sustainable and cost-effective alternative for grid-scale and consumer applications.

High-capacity hard carbon anode (280 mAh/g)

The hard carbon anode delivers a specific capacity of 280 mAh/g with excellent cycling stability, forming a robust SEI compatible with sodium-based electrolytes. As a result, this hard carbon configuration matches well with P2’s wide voltage window for full-cell energy density optimization.

Dry (unfilled) pouch design for sodium-ion electrolyte studies

The cell ships fully assembled but without electrolyte. Therefore, customers can inject their own sodium-ion electrolyte formulations to study electrolyte effects on the P2 layered oxide cathode interface (particularly under the demanding 4.2 V upper cutoff), hard carbon SEI formation, and additive performance — critical capabilities for advancing sodium-ion battery technology.

Multiple capacity grades + custom specifications

Standard grades cover 1 Ah / 2 Ah / 5 Ah. Furthermore, custom voltage windows, alternative separators, and electrode dimensions are available on request to match specific sodium-ion research requirements.

Recommended Activation Protocol:

1. Inject sodium-ion electrolyte at 8–10 g/Ah ratio. 2. Vacuum-seal the pouch under inert atmosphere. 3. Aging: hold at 45 °C for 24 h under 8 kgf/cm² stack pressure. 4. Pre-formation rest: 12 h. 5. Formation: charge at 0.1C constant current to 3.4 V (1 cycle). 6. Final aging: hold at room temperature for 24 h before subsequent cycling tests. 7. Subsequent cycling can extend to the full 2.0–4.2 V operating window.

Packaging & Storage:

Cells ship vacuum-sealed under inert atmosphere in moisture-barrier packaging. Therefore, customers should store sealed in a cool, dry environment (15–25 °C, RH < 30 %), protected from moisture and direct sunlight. Open packaging in a dry-room or glovebox environment immediately before electrolyte filling. Note that P2 layered oxide cathodes are particularly moisture-sensitive — handle with extra care to avoid surface degradation prior to electrolyte filling.

Safety:

For research and industrial use only. Activated sodium-ion cells contain flammable electrolyte and reactive electrode materials. Wear PPE during cell handling and electrolyte filling. Never short-circuit, overcharge, overdischarge, puncture, or expose cells to high temperatures (> 60 °C). Always operate within the specified voltage range (2.0 – 4.2 V). Compared to polyanionic sodium-ion systems, P2 layered oxide chemistry has more reactive cathode behavior at high state-of-charge — observe standard sodium-ion handling protocols and avoid sustained operation near the 4.2 V upper cutoff during initial cycles. Refer to SDS for complete safety information.

Note: Values listed above are typical and for reference only. Performance may vary depending on electrolyte choice, formation protocol, applied stack pressure, cycling conditions, and test environment. Sodium-ion chemistry is sensitive to electrolyte formulation — consult published literature for guidance on electrolytes optimized for P2 layered oxide systems, particularly additives that stabilize the cathode-electrolyte interface at 4.2 V. See also other dry pouch cells in our catalog: NFPP Polyanionic / Hard Carbon, NFPP Anode-Free, NVP / Hard Carbon, NVP Anode-Free, Sodium Metal Single-Layer Pouch, LFP / Artificial Graphite, LFP / Lithium Metal, LFP Anode-Free, NCM811 / Artificial Graphite, NCM811 Anode-Free, and LMFP / Artificial Graphite. Browse the full Dry Pouch Cell category for all configurations.